Kajian di sebalik bahan

1. Adil A, Godwin M. The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017;77(1):136-141.Meta-analysis. Ujian yang digabungkan mendapati beberapa pendekatan, termasuk cahaya tahap rendah, lebih baik daripada plasebo untuk kiraan rambut. Kualiti ujian bercampur.PubMed 28396101doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.054
2. Perez SM et al. Low-Level Laser and LED Therapy in Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Surg 2025.Systematic review and meta-analysis. Menggabungkan kajian peranti laser dan LED tahap rendah untuk keguguran rambut dan menyatakan tetapan peranti serta kualiti kajian sangat berbeza.PubMed 39404126doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000004442

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Tosti A et al. (2021). Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention. Int J Cosmet Sci 43 Suppl 1:S1-S8.Review + treatment study. Over 20 epidemiological studies link abnormal scalp conditions to impaired hair; a treatment study showed hair impacts were reversible when scalp condition normalised.PubMed 33932025doi:10.1111/ics.12708
2. Perez SM et al. Low-Level Laser and LED Therapy in Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Surg 2025.Systematic review and meta-analysis. Menggabungkan kajian peranti laser dan LED tahap rendah untuk keguguran rambut dan menyatakan tetapan peranti serta kualiti kajian sangat berbeza.PubMed 39404126doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000004442

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Tosti A et al. (2021). Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention. Int J Cosmet Sci 43 Suppl 1:S1-S8.Review + treatment study. Over 20 epidemiological studies link abnormal scalp conditions to impaired hair; a treatment study showed hair impacts were reversible when scalp condition normalised.PubMed 33932025doi:10.1111/ics.12708

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Tosti A et al. (2021). Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention. Int J Cosmet Sci 43 Suppl 1:S1-S8.Review + treatment study. Over 20 epidemiological studies link abnormal scalp conditions to impaired hair; a treatment study showed hair impacts were reversible when scalp condition normalised.PubMed 33932025doi:10.1111/ics.12708

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Rassman WR et al. Scalp micropigmentation: a useful treatment for hair loss. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2013;21(3):497-503.Review / case experience. SMP ialah penyamaran tatu kosmetik yang mewujudkan rupa lebat. Ia tidak menumbuhkan rambut.PubMed 24017991doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2013.05.010
2. Park JH et al. Natural results of scalp micropigmentation: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022.Review. Menerangkan bagaimana mikropigmentasi kulit kepala digunakan untuk mewujudkan rupa lebat, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil semula jadi. Ia tidak menumbuhkan rambut.PubMed 35947499doi:10.1111/jocd.15297

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Adil A, Godwin M. The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017;77(1):136-141.Meta-analysis. Ujian yang digabungkan mendapati beberapa pendekatan, termasuk cahaya tahap rendah, lebih baik daripada plasebo untuk kiraan rambut. Kualiti ujian bercampur.PubMed 28396101doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.054
2. Asghar F et al. (2020). Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature. Cureus 12(5):e8320.Review. PubMed 32607303doi:10.7759/cureus.8320
3. Ayustaningwarno F et al. (2024). A critical review of Ginger's (Zingiber officinale) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Front Nutr 11:1364836.Critical narrative review. Ginger and its compounds (gingerol, shogaol, paradol, zingerone) show strong antioxidant properties and potential to reduce inflammation, mainly via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.PubMed 38903613doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1364836
4. Chaisripipat W et al. (2015). Anti-dandruff Hair Tonic Containing Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) Oil. Forsch Komplementmed 22(4):226-9.Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled split-head trial (30 adults). PubMed 26566122doi:10.1159/000432407
5. Donato R et al. (2020). Antifungal activity of different essential oils against Malassezia pathogenic species. J Ethnopharmacol 249:112376.Review. Many essential oils inhibit Malassezia species in vitro; two clinical studies used Cymbopogon (lemongrass) oils in shampoo, cream or lotion for dandruff and pityriasis versicolor.PubMed 31704415doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112376
6. Gupta AK et al. (2022). Minoxidil: a comprehensive review. J Dermatolog Treat 33(4):1896-1906.Comprehensive review. PubMed 34159872doi:10.1080/09546634.2021.1945527
7. Hou C et al. (2017). 6-Gingerol inhibits hair cycle via induction of MMP2 and MMP9 expression. An Acad Bras Cienc 89(4):2707-2717.Mouse study. PubMed 29267793doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720170354
8. Kanti V et al. (2016). Effect of minoxidil topical foam on frontotemporal and vertex androgenetic alopecia in men: a 104-week open-label clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(7):1183-9.Randomised trial with 80-week open-label extension (104 weeks, men). PubMed 26387973doi:10.1111/jdv.13324
9. Lee WS et al. (2012). Characteristics of androgenetic alopecia in asian. Ann Dermatol 24(3):243-52.Narrative review (Asian patients). Review of androgenetic alopecia in Asian men and women; advises that a temporary, self-limiting shedding phase may occur in the first 2–8 weeks of minoxidil use and is not a reason to stop.PubMed 22879706doi:10.5021/ad.2012.24.3.243
10. Li T et al. (2024). Cedrol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a promising hair growth drug: The effects of oral and external administration on hair regeneration and its mechanism. Bioorg Chem 151:107709.Mouse + cell study. PubMed 39137599doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107709
11. Mao QQ et al. (2019). Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Foods 8(6).Narrative review. Ginger's gingerols and shogaols show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities in laboratory and clinical research.PubMed 31151279doi:10.3390/foods8060185
12. McMullen E et al. (2025). Minoxidil toxicosis in cats and dogs: A scoping review and call to action. J Am Acad Dermatol 93(2):522-524.Scoping review (veterinary toxicology). Scoping review of minoxidil poisoning (toxicosis) in cats and dogs, calling for greater awareness of the risk of household exposure.PubMed 40189148doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2025.04.006
13. Messenger AG et al. (2004). Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br J Dermatol 150(2):186-94.Narrative review (mechanism). Topical minoxidil shortens telogen and pushes resting follicles into anagen in animal studies, may prolong anagen and enlarge follicles; the potassium-channel mechanism remains unproven.PubMed 14996087doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05785.x
14. Miao Y et al. (2013). 6-Gingerol inhibits hair shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles and modulates hair growth in mice. PLoS One 8(2):e57226.In vitro / ex vivo human follicles + mouse study. 6-Gingerol, the main active compound of ginger, suppressed hair-shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles and dermal papilla cell proliferation, and prolonged telogen in mice.PubMed 23437345doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057226
15. Suchonwanit P et al. (2019). Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders: a review. Drug Des Devel Ther 13:2777-2786.Narrative review. Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common side effect of topical minoxidil; minoxidil should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation; stopping treatment leads to shedding within 3–4 months.PubMed 31496654doi:10.2147/DDDT.S214907
16. Wuthi-Udomlert M et al. (2011). Inhibitory effect of formulated lemongrass shampoo on Malassezia furfur: a yeast associated with dandruff. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 42(2):363-9.In vitro study. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil killed Malassezia furfur, a yeast associated with dandruff, and remained active when formulated into a shampoo.PubMed 21710859

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Borda LJ et al. (2015). Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Investig Dermatol 3(2).Comprehensive review. Dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis form a spectrum influenced by sebum, Malassezia colonisation and individual susceptibility.PubMed 27148560doi:10.13188/2373-1044.1000019
2. Bravo B et al. (2022). Benefits of topical hyaluronic acid for skin quality and signs of skin aging: From literature review to clinical evidence. Dermatol Ther 35(12):e15903.Review + RCT summary. Topical hyaluronic acid is a hygroscopic, well-tolerated cosmeceutical ingredient used for skin hydration and rejuvenation, supported by multiple clinical studies.PubMed 36200921doi:10.1111/dth.15903
3. Bukhari SNA et al. (2018). Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 120(Pt B):1682-1695.Review. Hyaluronic acid formulations improve skin hydration and elasticity in cosmetic and clinical studies; HA is involved in skin repair and wound healing.PubMed 30287361doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.188
4. Koyama T et al. Standardized scalp massage results in increased hair thickness by inducing stretching forces to dermal papilla cells in the subcutaneous tissue. Eplasty 2016;16:e8.Small uncontrolled study (9 men). Urutan kulit kepala harian selama 24 minggu dikaitkan dengan rambut lebih tebal pada sembilan lelaki. Bukti sangat lemah.PubMed 26904154
5. Tosti A et al. (2021). Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention. Int J Cosmet Sci 43 Suppl 1:S1-S8.Review + treatment study. Over 20 epidemiological studies link abnormal scalp conditions to impaired hair; a treatment study showed hair impacts were reversible when scalp condition normalised.PubMed 33932025doi:10.1111/ics.12708
6. Trüeb RM et al. (2018). Scalp Condition Impacts Hair Growth and Retention via Oxidative Stress. Int J Trichology 10(6):262-270.Review. Scalp condition affects hair growth and retention via oxidative stress; Malassezia is a source of oxidative damage, and anti-Malassezia shampoos tend to reduce premature hair loss.PubMed 30783333doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_57_18
7. Turner GA et al. (2012). Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff. Int J Cosmet Sci 34(4):298-306.Review. Dandruff affects up to half the world's post-pubertal population and involves a weakened scalp barrier with raised water loss and subclinical inflammation.PubMed 22515370doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00723.x
8. Zerbinati N et al. (2021). In Vitro Hair Growth Promoting Effect of a Noncrosslinked Hyaluronic Acid in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. Biomed Res Int 2021:5598110.In vitro study (human dermal papilla cells). A non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid formulation protected human dermal papilla cells against UVB-induced damage and increased VEGF secretion.PubMed 34754881doi:10.1155/2021/5598110

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Angkawinitwong U et al. (2015). Solid-state protein formulations. Ther Deliv 6(1):59-82.Review (pharmaceutical technology). Proteins and peptides in liquid form often degrade during handling; solid formulations, including freeze-dried products, are used to maintain stability during storage and transport.PubMed 25565441doi:10.4155/tde.14.98
2. He S et al. (2025). Effect of sheep placenta extract on D-galactose-induced aging mouse. Front Pharmacol 16:1498358.Mouse study. Sheep placenta extract raised antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, catalase) and lowered oxidative-stress marker MDA in ageing mice.PubMed 40206069doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1498358
3. Lee KE et al. (2020). Caviar Extract and Its Constituent DHA Inhibits UVB-Irradiated Skin Aging by Inducing Adiponectin Production. Int J Mol Sci 21(9).In vitro study. Caviar (sturgeon roe) extract and its constituent DHA promoted adiponectin production and suppressed UVB-induced MMP-1 in skin-cell models.PubMed 32403430doi:10.3390/ijms21093383
4. Asghar F et al. (2020). Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature. Cureus 12(5):e8320.Review. PubMed 32607303doi:10.7759/cureus.8320
5. Bravo B et al. (2022). Benefits of topical hyaluronic acid for skin quality and signs of skin aging: From literature review to clinical evidence. Dermatol Ther 35(12):e15903.Review + RCT summary. Topical hyaluronic acid is a hygroscopic, well-tolerated cosmeceutical ingredient used for skin hydration and rejuvenation, supported by multiple clinical studies.PubMed 36200921doi:10.1111/dth.15903
6. Emami F et al. (2018). Drying Technologies for the Stability and Bioavailability of Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 10(3).Review (pharmaceutical technology). Freeze-drying is one of the main drying methods used to improve the storage stability of therapeutic proteins.PubMed 30126135doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10030131
7. Kang JI et al. (2018). Mackerel-Derived Fermented Fish Oil Promotes Hair Growth by Anagen-Stimulating Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 19(9).Ex vivo + mouse + cell study. Fermented mackerel fish oil and its omega-3 DHA increased dermal papilla cell proliferation and promoted anagen entry in hair follicle models.PubMed 30223485doi:10.3390/ijms19092770
8. Kwon TR et al. (2015). Human placental extract exerts hair growth-promoting effects through the GSK-3β signaling pathway in human dermal papilla cells. Int J Mol Med 36(4):1088-96.In vitro + ex vivo study. Human placental extract increased human dermal papilla cell proliferation and β-catenin signalling, elongated rat whisker follicles and delayed catagen.PubMed 26311045doi:10.3892/ijmm.2015.2316
9. Kwon TR et al. (2015). Potential synergistic effects of human placental extract and minoxidil on hair growth-promoting activity in C57BL/6J mice. Clin Exp Dermatol 40(6):672-81.Mouse study. Human placental extract (injected) induced earlier and longer anagen and increased follicle number and size in mice, and augmented the effect of minoxidil.PubMed 25787854doi:10.1111/ced.12601
10. Mäkinen-Kiljunen S et al. (2003). Severe reactions from roe without concomitant fish allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91(4):413-6.Case reports. Two people had IgE-mediated allergy to fish roe (one with anaphylaxis) without a concomitant fish allergy.PubMed 14582823doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61691-2
11. Na GH et al. (2023). Skin Anti-Aging Efficacy of Enzyme-Treated Supercritical Caviar Extract: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 16(1).Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (oral). An oral enzyme-treated caviar extract (mainly low-molecular-weight peptides) improved skin hydration and transepidermal water loss at 4 weeks and skin elasticity at 8 weeks.PubMed 38201966doi:10.3390/nu16010137
12. Nair B et al. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of human placental protein, hydrolyzed human placental protein, human placental enzymes, human placental lipids, human umbilical extract, placental protein, hydrolyzed placental protein, placental enzymes, placental lipids, and umbilical extract. Int J Toxicol 21 Suppl 1:81-91.Cosmetic ingredient safety assessment (CIR). The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel found data insufficient to support the safety of placental ingredients and concluded none should deliver metabolic/endocrine activity and all must be free of pathogens.PubMed 12042062doi:10.1080/10915810290096405
13. Park J et al. (2022). Enzyme-Treated Caviar Prevents UVB Irradiation-Induced Skin Photoaging. Mar Drugs 20(11).Mouse + cell study. Enzyme-treated caviar extract protected against UVB-induced dehydration, oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased hyaluronic acid in keratinocytes.PubMed 36355008doi:10.3390/md20110685
14. Pickart L et al. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int 2015:648108.Review. The copper peptide GHK-Cu, naturally present in plasma and declining with age, supports skin repair, collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and wound healing including of hair follicles in animal studies.PubMed 26236730doi:10.1155/2015/648108
15. Pyo HK et al. (2007). The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 30(7):834-9.Ex vivo human follicle + cell study. The tripeptide-copper complex AHK-Cu stimulated elongation of human hair follicles ex vivo and proliferation of dermal papilla cells.PubMed 17703734doi:10.1007/BF02978833
16. Tiwary CM (1998). Premature sexual development in children following the use of estrogen- or placenta-containing hair products. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 37(12):733-9.Case series. Four young girls developed early breast or pubic hair after using oestrogen- or placenta-containing hair products; signs regressed after stopping.PubMed 9864648doi:10.1177/000992289803701204
17. Tosti A et al. (2021). Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention. Int J Cosmet Sci 43 Suppl 1:S1-S8.Review + treatment study. Over 20 epidemiological studies link abnormal scalp conditions to impaired hair; a treatment study showed hair impacts were reversible when scalp condition normalised.PubMed 33932025doi:10.1111/ics.12708
18. Untersmayr E et al. (2002). Anaphylaxis to Russian Beluga caviar. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109(6):1034-5.Case report. A reported case of anaphylaxis to Russian Beluga caviar.PubMed 12063537doi:10.1067/mai.2002.124893
19. Wali A et al. (2025). Antioxidant peptides of sheep placental extract digestion product: In vitro and in silico study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 787:152769.In vitro + in silico study. Digestion of sheep placenta extract released low-molecular-weight peptides with antioxidant (radical-scavenging) activity.PubMed 41067126doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152769
20. Zhang D et al. (2011). Cow placenta extract promotes murine hair growth through enhancing the insulin - like growth factor-1. Indian J Dermatol 56(1):14-8.Mouse study. Topical cow placenta extract increased follicle size and hair length in mice by raising IGF-1, though it was less effective than minoxidil.PubMed 21572784doi:10.4103/0019-5154.77544

Lihat butiran ↗

1. Punyani S et al. (2021). The Impact of Shampoo Wash Frequency on Scalp and Hair Conditions. Skin Appendage Disord 7(3):183-193.Epidemiological + controlled wash-frequency study (Asian populations). Among Asian participants, washing 5–6 times a week gave the best overall scalp and hair satisfaction, and daily washing outperformed weekly washing with no detrimental effects.PubMed 34055906doi:10.1159/000512786
2. Turner GA et al. (2012). Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff. Int J Cosmet Sci 34(4):298-306.Review. Dandruff affects up to half the world's post-pubertal population and involves a weakened scalp barrier with raised water loss and subclinical inflammation.PubMed 22515370doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00723.x
3. Tosti A et al. (2021). Role of scalp health in achieving optimal hair growth and retention. Int J Cosmet Sci 43 Suppl 1:S1-S8.Review + treatment study. Over 20 epidemiological studies link abnormal scalp conditions to impaired hair; a treatment study showed hair impacts were reversible when scalp condition normalised.PubMed 33932025doi:10.1111/ics.12708

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